'Examining the effects of casinos after at least four years of operation, the authorsfind that positive changes include: young adults moving back to reservations, fueling an 11.5percent population increase; adult employment increasing by 26 percent; and a 14 percentdecline in the number of working poor. In counties with or near a casino, the employment-to- population ratio has increased and mortality has declined.'
Indian tribes are sovereign nations under federal law, and states may not enforcetheir civil codes on reservations within a state's borders. After the federal government gavetribes more control over their economic development, some began operating gaming placesthat conflicted with state and local laws. A number of states challenged these operations, buta series of Supreme Court cases were decided in the tribes favor. To clarify the law, theIndian Gaming Regulatory Act was passed in 1988. Tribes could operate full-scale casinogambling on reservations in any state that allowed such gambling anywhere within itsborders, provided the details of the operation were set forth under a tribal-state compact. InThe Social and Economic Impact of Native American Casinos(NBER Working Paper No. 9198), authors William Evans and Julie Topoleski summarize the history of Indiancasinos over the last 20 years and examine their effect on employment, poverty, and crime.
As the authors point out, the 'speed with which Indian-owned gaming operationshave developed is staggering,' suggesting that there was 'an incredible pent-up demand forcasino-style gaming' in the United States. In Connecticut for example, a federal court ruledthat because the state allowed nonprofit organizations to have casino nights as fundraisers, ithad to allow the Mashantucket Pequots to add table games to its bingo operations. In 1991,the tribe expanded its bingo hall into a casino. It now runs Foxwoods, the largest casino inthe worls. In 1992 the Pequots offered the state either $100 million a year or 25 percent ofits slot machine take, whichever was greater, provided the state would allow it, but not anyother group, to install slot machines. The agreement was modified to allow the Mohegantribe to operate slot machines after it received federal recognition. According to the authors,payments from the tribes were estimated to be in excess of $350 million in 2002, and'effectively prevented the state from granting a license for a proposed non-Indian casino inthe Bridgeport area.'
Nationwide, 'half of the Indians on or near reservations now belong to tribes thathave opened Las Vegas-style casinos.' Many of these are in rural areas and draw fromclienteles who drive an hour or so to get to the casino. The casinos have changed theeconomic climate in and around the reservations. Examining the effects of casinos after atleast four years of operation, the authors find that positive changes include: young adultsmoving back to reservations, fueling an 11.5 percent population increase; adult employmentincreasing by 26 percent; and a 14 percent decline in the number of working poor. Incounties with or near a casino, the employment- to- population ratio has increased andmortality has declined.
Aug 16, 2019 Native American Activists Occupy Alcatraz Island, 45 Years Ago. Since the mid-1960s, American Indians had been on a mission to break into Alcatraz. Morality of Native American gaming. Moreover, Native American gaming contributes to only a fraction of gambling in the United States. Native American casinos bring in only 17% of gambling revenue, while non-Native casinos raise 43%.
- Native American Casino. Wherever there's an Indian reservation in Movieland, there has to be a casino. This is partly Truth in Television. In the United States, a series of legal decisions that began with Bryan v. Itasca County in 1976 and ended with the creation of the National Indian Gaming Commission in 1988 established.
- A Native American casino is one of the main settings in Scalped, and an important reason why the reservation is riddled with crime and corruption.; In a Jingle Belle miniseries, Jingle turns a declining Christmas-themed amusement park into a casino after finding out that the park owner is part Native American.
- Nov 24, 2019 'Saturday Night Live' saw the return of alumnus Will Ferrell as host and as U.S. Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland in an opening sketch imagining President Donald Trump's view of.
- The Mohicans (/ m oʊ ˈ h iː k ən s / or / m ə ˈ h iː k ən s /, alternate spelling: Mahican) are an Eastern Algonquian Indian tribe that was Algonquian-speaking. As part of the Eastern Algonquian family of tribes, they are related to the abutting Lenape, who occupied territory to the south as far as the Atlantic coast.
The negative changes include about a 10 percent increase in auto thefts, larceny,violent crime, and bankruptcy in counties four years after a casino has opened, and anincrease in bankruptcies within 50 miles of a new casino. The authors caution againstapplying their results too generally. Job generation 'does not necessarily mean that grantingreservations a monopoly in a particular industry is also a desirable policy,' and becausecasino profits are not taxable, 'their presence in many states possibly diverts funds from ataxable activity.' Finally, little is known about the distribution of benefits. 'In many cases,'the authors point out, 'most of the people employed by casinos are not Native Americans.'
-- Linda Gorman
Indian Casinos, Gaming, Casinos, Cannabis, Places and Tribes
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News Headlines
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